Horse Latitudes - Areas of calm or light and variable winds located between 30 and 35 degrees north and south of the equator. This region's weather is influenced by converging air flows aloft from the tropics, thereby creating regions of high pressure at the surface. Hot and windless conditions can last for weeks at a time in the horse latitudes. When ships would travel to the New World, this region was known for creating delays in shipping that could create food and supply shortages for merchant ships.

Chionophobia - A person who suffers from Chionophobia has an irrational fear of snow or snow storms.

Arctic Oscillation - A climate phase that looks at the strength of the winds surrounding the arctic region. During a positive phase of the arctic oscillation, the ring of winds around the arctic remain strong, thereby holding the coldest air masses near the pole. During the negative phase these upper level winds weaken, allowing for the bitter cold arctic air masses to head further south across the northern hemisphere. Each switch in phase can last weeks or even months.

Twilight - Before sunrise and again after sunset there are intervals of time during which there is enough natural light provided by the upper atmosphere, which does receive direct sunlight and reflects part of it toward the Earth's surface. Some outdoor activities may be conducted without artificial illumination during these intervals of twilight. It is useful to have some means to set limits beyond which a certain activity should be assisted by artificial lighting.

Flood - A condition that occurs when water overflows the natural or artificial confines of a stream, river, or drainage ditch. Any ponding of water on what is normally dry land is also considered a flood. Floods can occur within minutes or hours of an excessive rainfall.

G.O.E.S. - An acronym that stands for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. A geostationary satellite remains fixed over a specific area of the globe at an altitude of around 22,400 miles above the Earth's surface. These satellites give meteorologists the ability to constantly track weather systems that impact the region below them.

Transpiration - The process by which water escapes plants into the air and turns into water vapor. The rate at which plants lose water to the air increases as the temperature increases. Corn plants transpire at a rate higher than most plants. This means that corn needs more moisture to survive compared to most plant life.